Operational Amplifier Design Specification, design procedure and examples

This OPA design page is still Under constant updates! 
                                                                                       Original created August 1 2009
                                                                                       Last Update June 29 2011  
                                                                                                             by Martin Chu


OPA Design specification white paper in pdf format

OPA Design specification in pure text format
Parameter Description Unit Typical Value
Operation Voltage Volt
Output Current Ampere
Phase margin (fm) The absolute value of the open-loop phase shift between the
output and the inverting input at the frequency at which the
modulus of the open-loop amplification is unity.
Gain margin (Am) The reciprocal of the open-loop voltage amplification at the
lowest frequency at which the open-loop phase shift is such that the output is in phase with the inverting input.
Large-signal voltage
amplification (Av)
The ratio of the peak-to-peak output voltage swing to the
change in input voltage required to drive the output.
AVD
Differential voltage
amplification (Avd)
The ratio of the change in the output to the change in
differential input voltage producing it with the common-mode
input voltage held constant.
B1
† Unity gain
bandwidth
BOM
Maximum-outputswing
bandwidth
Ci
Input capacitance
CMRR
Common-mode
rejection ratio
F
†Average noise figure
ICC+, ICCSupply
current
IIB
Input bias current
IIO
Input offset current
In
Equivalent input
noise current
IOL
Low-level output
current
IOS
Short-circuit output
current
kSVS
† Supply voltage
sensitivity
kSVR
Supply voltage
rejection ratio
PD
Total power
dissipation
ri
Input resistance
rid
Differential input
resistance
ro
Output resistance
Slew rate (SR) The average time rate of change of the closed-loop amplifier output voltage for a step-signal input.
tr
Rise time (tr)
The time required for an output voltage step to change from 10% to 90% of its final value.
Total response time (ttot) The time between a step-function change of the input signal and the instant at which the magnitude of the output signal reaches, for the last time, a specified level range (±e) containing the final output signal level.
Input voltage range (VI) The range of voltage that if exceeded at either input may cause the operational amplifier to cease functioning properly.
Input offset voltage (VIO) The dc voltage that must be applied between the input
terminals to force the quiescent dc output voltage to zero or other level, if specified.
Common-mode input
voltage (VIC)
The average of the two input voltages.
Common-mode input
voltage range (VICR)
The range of common-mode input voltage that if exceeded may cause the operational amplifier to cease functioning properly.
Equivalent input
noise voltage (Vn)
The voltage of an ideal voltage source (having internal
impedance equal to zero) in series with the input terminals of the device that represents the part of the internally generated noise that can properly be represented by a voltage source.
Crosstalk Attenuation (V01/V02) The ratio of the change in output voltage of a driven channel to the resulting change in output voltage of another channel.
High-level output
voltage (VOH)
The voltage at an output with input conditions applied that according to the product specifications will establish a high level at the output.
Low-level output
voltage (VOL)
The voltage at an output with input conditions applied that according to the product specifications will establish a low level at the output.
Differential input
voltage (VID)
The voltage at the non-inverting input with respect to the inverting input.
Maximum peak output voltage swing  (VOM) The maximum positive or negative voltage that can be
obtained without waveform clipping when quiescent dc output voltage is zero.
Maximum peak-topeak
output voltage swing VO(PP)
The maximum peak-to-peak voltage that can be obtained
without waveform clipping when quiescent dc output voltage is zero.
Common-mode input
impedance (Zic)
The parallel sum of the small-signal impedance between each input terminal and ground.
Output impedance (Zo) The small-signal impedance between the output terminal and ground.
Overshoot factor The ratio of the largest deviation of the output signal value from its final steady-state value after a step-function change of the input signal to the absolute value of the difference between the steady-state output signal values before and after the step-function change of the input signal.
THD + N
Total harmonic
distortion plus noise (THD + N)
The ratio of the RMS noise voltage and RMS harmonic voltage of the fundamental signal to the total RMS voltage at the output.
Gain bandwidth
product (GBW)
The product of the open-loop voltage amplification and the frequency at which it is measured.
Average long-term
drift coefficient of
input offset voltage
The ratio of the change in input offset voltage to the change time. This is an average value for the specified time period. Usually measured in μV/month.

Guideline:
OPA Design Guidelines

Various Designs 
OPA Design
OPA Design two stage wideband
OPA cascode design procedure (I)
OPA cascode design procedure (II)
OPA High Performance using Digital CMOS process
OPA Low Power High Gain with CompensationTechnique 

Design Techniques
OPA low noise optimization


Currently available products on market and their performance and design spepecification and data sheet.
OPA, low noise, high performance OPA data sheet (ADI  OPA37 as an example)
OPA AC design parameter application note 723

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